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silicon |
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| Symbol Si. The element with atomic number 14 and relative atomic mass 28.09, which is in Group 14 of the periodic table, immediately below carbon. Some of its compounds resemble those of carbon; for example the tetrachlorides SiCl{TAG(tag=>sub)}4{TAG} and CCl{TAG(tag=>sub)}4{TAG} are both colourless liquids, although SiCl{TAG(tag=>sub)}4{TAG} is hydrolysed much faster with water, a property used to produce smokescreens. This theme of increased kinetic reactivity is also shown in the silanes. The most striking difference is in the structure of their oxides, despite the similar formulae SiO{TAG(tag=>sub)}2{TAG} and CO{TAG(tag=>sub)}2{TAG}. Whereas CO{TAG(tag=>sub)}2{TAG} is a gas which we breathe out, SiO{TAG(tag=>sub)}2{TAG} (See silica) is a solid we stand on. The difference stems from the lack of multiple bonding in the second period of the periodic table, so whereas carbon dioxide has the structure O=C=O, silica has a single-bonded structure (see diagram at silica). |
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| Other Terms : cylindrical coordinates (cylindrical polar coordinates) | radiation units | half-wave plate
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