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dark reaction (light-independent reaction)

A series of reactions occurring in chloroplasts during photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrate. The reactions require ATP and NADPH (See NADP+) made in the light reaction as the source of energy and reductants needed to bring about the conversion. The dark reaction occurs in the stroma (body) of the chloroplast rather than on the membranes. The chemistry of the process was elucidated by Melvin Calvin, and has been termed the Calvin cycle. The key discovery was the role of ribulose bis-phosphate (RuBP) as the prime carbon dioxide acceptor molecule. The sequence of reactions initiated by the addition of carbon dioxide to RuBP molecules yields a carbohydrate product, which may be converted into glucose, and regenerates RuBP.

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dark nebula		Darwinism