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carbocation |
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A cation in which carbon carries most of the positive charge, as in (CH{TAG(tag=>sub)}3{TAG}){TAG(tag=>sub)}3{TAG}C{TAG(tag=>sup)}+{TAG}. (The traditional name for such a species was ‘carbonium ion’. The correct alternative ‘carbenium ion’ is also commonly used.) Compare carbanion.
Carbocations are important intermediates in organic chemistry. They are formed, for example, in the S{TAG(tag=>sub)}N{TAG}1 nucleophilic substitution reaction and are also involved in some elimination reactions. Tertiary carbocations, with three alkyl groups attached to the positive carbon atom as in (CH{TAG(tag=>sub)}3{TAG}){TAG(tag=>sub)}3{TAG}C{TAG(tag=>sup)}+{TAG}, are more stable than secondary carbocations such as (CH{TAG(tag=>sub)}3{TAG}){TAG(tag=>sub)}2{TAG}CH{TAG(tag=>sup)}+{TAG}, which are in turn more stable than primary carbocations such as CH{TAG(tag=>sub)}3{TAG}CH{TAG(tag=>sub)}2{TAG}{TAG(tag=>sup)}+{TAG}. So the primary carbocation CH{TAG(tag=>sub)}3{TAG}CH{TAG(tag=>sub)}2{TAG}CH{TAG(tag=>sub)}2{TAG}{TAG(tag=>sup)}+{TAG} can undergo a rearrangement into the more stable (CH{TAG(tag=>sub)}3{TAG}){TAG(tag=>sub)}2{TAG}CH{TAG(tag=>sup)}+{TAG}. |
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| Other Terms : far-field diffraction | turning point | fluorescence
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